The duty cycle in terms of scanning GPIOs will be exactly as described on the image, but can also be executing operations in parallel  while this process is carried out, unlike the ones we have based on Arduino.

Interruptions can also be generated for input readings, which if they are immediately detected and it is required to stop the scanning process, once the interruption is activated, it is dedicated to performing the configured functions based on the detection of this interrupted input.

I hope I have clarified your doubts a little more